Introduction Aging is associated with progressive physiological changes that affect male reproductive, hormonal, and urinary systems. Andrology plays a critical role in managing age-related conditions such as testosterone decline, prostate enlargement, and reduced fertility. Preventive andrological care supports healthy aging and preserves indepe

Introduction Sexual dysfunction is one of the most common reasons men seek andrological consultation. Conditions such as erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, delayed ejaculation, and reduced libido can profoundly affect emotional health, intimate relationships, and self-esteem. Andrology approaches sexual dysfunction as a medical conditio

Introduction Hormonal regulation is a cornerstone of male reproductive and sexual health. Testosterone, the principal male androgen, plays a critical role in sexual development, libido, spermatogenesis, muscle mass, bone density, metabolic function, and psychological well-being. Andrology focuses extensively on disorders related to androgen defic

Introduction Male infertility is a complex medical condition that contributes significantly to global infertility rates. Defined as the inability to achieve pregnancy after twelve months of regular unprotected intercourse, infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, with male factors responsible for approximately 40–50% of cases. Androlo

Introduction Andrology is a specialized branch of medical science that focuses on male reproductive health, sexual function, and disorders related to the male endocrine system. Often referred to as the male equivalent of gynecology, andrology addresses health conditions that uniquely or predominantly affect men, particularly those involving fertil